#Identify layout shifts from images without dimensions Modern browsers now set the default aspect ratio of images based on an image’s width and height attributes, so it’s valuable to set these to prevent such layout shifts. Forgetting to include the image’s dimensions can cause layout shifts, as the browser is unsure how much space the image will need. When width and height are specified on an image, the browser knows how much space to reserve for the image until it is downloaded. The dimensions of an image can usually be found by looking at this information via your operating system’s file explorer ( Cmd + I on macOS). Next, we add width and height attributes to specify the width and height of the image, otherwise known as the image’s dimensions. The above code with an alt specified looks as follows: The value of this attribute should be a textual description of the image, and is used as an alternative to the image when it can’t be displayed or seen for example, a user accessing your page via a screen reader. To ensure our image is accessible, we add the alt attribute. If an image is called “ keyboard.jpg” and it exists in the same path as your HTML document, it can be embedded as follows: This is an empty element-it has no closing tag-that requires a minimum of one attribute to be helpful: src, the source file for the image. To place an image on a web page, we use the element. You may also be interested in the CLS Debugger. Generated using Layout Shift GIF Generator. Ignoring them means the browser may not be able to reserve sufficient space in advance of them loading. The most common causes of CLS include images without dimensions (see below), which can push down content when they load and snap into place. Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) measures the instability of content. Imagine you've started reading an article when all of a sudden elements shift around the page, throwing you off and requiring you to find your place again. Layout shifts can be distracting to users. While great for looking at opportunities to improve your user-experience, always try to consult real-world data for a complete picture of what actual users are seeing. Keep in mind that Lighthouse is a lab tool. You can also find Lighthouse in PageSpeed Insights, CI, and WebPageTest. You can find it in the Chrome DevTools suite of debugging tools and run it against any web page, whether public or requiring authentication. Lighthouse is an open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages. In this guide, we will be using Lighthouse to identify opportunities to improve the Core Web Vitals, walking through optimizations for each metric. Above, the Stack Overflow “The Key” hero image was the Largest Contentful Paint element Images can impact the CWV in a number of ways. CWV is part of a set of page experience signals Google Search will be evaluating for ranking. It’s an initiative by Google to share unified guidance for quality signals that can be key to delivering a great user-experience on the web. You may have heard of Core Web Vitals (CWV). #Image impact on user-experience and the Core Web Vitals If using 11ty for your static sites, try the 11ty high-performance blog template. You can of course also do this manually just using the element directly. Note: Modern image components that build on, like Next.js (for React) and Nuxt image (for Vue) try to bake in as many of these concepts as possible by default. While not render-blocking, they can indirectly impact render performance. Avoid images causing network contention with other critical resources like CSS and JS.Use CSS aspect-ratio or aspect ratio boxes to reserve space otherwise.Set dimensions (width, height) on your images.Lazy-load offscreen images (reduce network contention for key resources).Avoid wasting pixels (compress, don’t serve overly high DPR images).Use srcset + efficient modern image formats.Given how central it is to image optimization on the web, let’s catch up on what it can do and how it can help improve user-experience and the Core Web Vitals.įirst, some tips to get us started optimizing our metrics: The humble element has gained some superpowers since it was created. We like images over on the Stack Overflow blog too. Images are so prominent that they are part of the most important content in over ~70% of pages on both mobile and desktop according to the largest contentful paint metric. This isn’t a huge surprise as we humans are quite visual and the tag has been around for almost 30 years. Images are one of the most pervasive parts of the web.
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